May the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you all!
We have reached the 16th day of Ramadan!
The 16th juz of the Qur'an consists of the following two complete chapters:
Chapter 18: Al-Kahf - The Cave - Verses 75-110
Surah Al-Kahf was revealed during the last stages of the Prophet Muhammad's mission in Makkah, before the migration to Madinah. After over a decade of oppression, the Muslims organized themselves to leave Makkah and start a new life in Madinah. Surah Maryam and Surah Ta Ha were revealed in Madinah a bit before this, before the migration to Abyssinia. Authentic traditions report that the first forty verses of Surah Maryam were recited to the King of Abyssinia, to help him understand the Islamic teachings about the Prophets John and Jesus, peace be upon them.
Summary
In the remaining part of Surah Al-Kahf, Allah reiterates the idea that the Hereafter is real, and that it is in the disbelievers' best interests to mend their ways and turn to the right path before they face the inevitable punishment.
Maryam the mother of Jesus (Mary in English) is the only woman mentioned by name in the Quran, and this next chapter is named after her. The first part of the chapter relates the stories of John and Jesus, peace be upon him, from the Islamic perspective. The story of Prophet Abraham, peace be upon him, is also mentioned both to show the unified origin of the message of Islam, and to console the Muslims who were facing persecution or migration to Abyssinia. In the last part of the chapter, the disbelievers of Makkah are heavily criticized for their unjust behavior. The believers are given hope that they will one day prevail. As mentioned above, many of these verses were shared with the King of Abyssinia, a devout Christian, and influenced his decision to offer protection to the Muslim refugees at the time.
Surah Ta Ha was revealed at approximately the same time period. It is reported that Umar ibn Khattab read part of this chapter when he discovered his sister reading from the Quran and interrogated her about it. Against all odds, his heart softened and he embraced Islam. Most of the chapter is dedicated to the story of Prophet Musa (Moses), peace be upon him. The Arab tribes were familiar with and accepting of Moses as a prophet, and relating this story shows the continuity in Allah's message and methods of bringing guidance to His people. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of salaat (prayer) in strengthening the faith and hearts of believers.
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