READ BEFORE:
I know that science changes, this is purely for current times. I’ve been going through a lot of waswas and this topic has been bothering me for months. this is the best write up i’ve found so far. I also agree with Subhoor Ahmad on how they’re pushing the agenda against creationists and how it isn’t a hundred percent. All i want to know. Is that can this be a valid interpretation
- I am writing this answer as response to an inbox message and answer request of some one (muslim), who is in confusing stage of faith. I believe, proving theory of evolution from Quran shouldn’t hold anyone to the faith. There are many other reasons to be faithful, But if this writing can give peace to a heart, then let me write. Readers are free to agree or disagree. I am just writing for people who needs help to increase their faith (and there are many such people). So, please pardon me and do not question my faith.
- Muslims have an attitude of pointing out each new theory and then distorting it somehow to fit Quran to say, “Look it was written here 1400 years ago”. I consider it as a less wise attempt, since science changes very fast. To be clear, I am not writing this answer just to fit it to the newest evolution theory. People also have attitude to use scientific facts (that are inline with Quran) to prove other holy books are fake. I believe, all holy books have some truth and they should reconcile with science, in their own ways, without bothering each other.
- All the verses discussed here is only from Quran (Muhmmad Asad’s translation and in some places literal word to word translation from Arabic). Verses having similar meaning are placed in third bracket.
- A summery has been given at the end.
Science Says, “First Life Created from Inorganic Compound” & “All Species Evolved from Single Origin”
I am summarizing the previous theories first before going to the latest theory. (You can skip this part, if you are already familiar).
- 1809-1882-Charles Darwin: All species evolved from same origin, natural selection helped them to survive.
- ~1930-“The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis”: Building Blocks (Amino Acids and Nucleotides) are produced from inorganic molecules (such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus etc).
- “Meteorite Theory”: The first building blocks came from space through meteorites.
- 1940-Sidney Fox: Amino acid can produce protein in absence of water in high temperature.
- 1990: “RNA nucleotides can be linked together when they are exposed to a clay surface”
- RNA World Hypothesis: Confirms that the first biomolecule created was RNA which eventually forms protein and DNA and then they assembled into very simple cell. [1]
THE LATEST “SMALL WARM POND” THEORY:
- This theory was actually coined by “Darwin”. In a famous letter to his best friend, botanist Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, in 1871, he suggested that life could have first arisen from chemistry "in some warm little pond." [2]. Part of his letter is as follow:
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- The latest study was done in collaboration with researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany. They published their research , 2 years ago in 2017. [3, 4, 5]
- According to the theory: Early earth had many small ponds continuously stricken by Meteorites and Interplanetary Dust Particle (cosmic dust). These carried the nucleobases (the building block of RNA)
- The pond dried up several times in the year through evaporation. Meteorites kept coming with new nucleobase. Thus, concentration of nucleobases increased over time.
- Rain re-formed the pond. Presence of water causes hydrolysis of nucleobase allowing them to link into longer chains the next time the pond dried up.
- Multiple dry and rain cycle increases the length of RNA chain, until the fully formed RNA is produced.
This is the Picture they published.
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QURAN SUPPORTS “SMALL WARM POND” THEORY:
Quran doesn’t contradicts warm pond theory. The stages of creation of human is synonymous to warm pond theory. However, Quran talks about 3 stages very distinctively: Wet>Clay>Dry, due to gradual drying of water. When it converts from clay to dry, the dryness is described as sounding clay of potter (complete dry state). As I described in the part of earliest scientific theory of evolution, for creation of amino acids a complete absence of water is needed and clay help to assemble RNA. Also, in this stage in all the verse, it used the word “Masnun” which means “alteration/transmutation” (15:26, 15:28, 15:33) which is synonymous to mutation. This stage may have a major role when the RNA code got perfection through mutation.
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MUSLIM SCIENTISTS OF EARLIER GENERATION:
Many Muslim scientists talked about the concept of evolution. I believe their theories are partially true, that I will discuss throughout the answer.
- Ibni Khaldun (1332-1406): In his famous book “Muqaddimah” proposes origin of life from mineral. Minerals>seeded and seedless plants>palm trees and vines>nails and shelled sea animals> higher animal.
- Muhammad al-Haytham/ Alhazen(965-1039): In his book in Kitabal Manazel, defends human evolution starting from minerals, plants, and animals.
- Al-Biruni (973-1048) in his book Kitab al-Jamahir also asserts that humans are created after long periods of evolution from simple organisms through natural selection. [6]
WHERE WAS ADAM CREATED?
To explain evolution, the first confusion to be eliminated is, “Where was human created? On earth or in paradise?”. Quran doesn’t provide any clear answer, it’s ambiguous. Following 2 verses MAY indicate that they were created in earth and were later taken into paradise. That’s why Allah introduces Adam to the Paradise and says that, there will be no heat of Sun in paradise. It seems that Adam is already familiar with heat of Sun (he was on earth) and God is ensuring him that, in paradise he doesn’t need to feel the heat of Sun:
- "O Adam! dwell thou and thy wife in the Garden, and enjoy (its good things) as ye wish: but approach not this tree, or ye run into harm and transgression." (Quran 7:19).
- “.and thereupon We said: "O Adam! …Behold, it is provided for thee that thou shalt not hunger here or feel naked, and that thou shalt not thirst here or suffer from the heat of the sun." (Quran 20:119-121)
- He brought you into being out of the earth, and made you thrive thereon..”(Quran 11:61).
Next, question is WHERE IN EARTH?
When God talked to Moses for the first time, he said to Moses to take off his shoes, since he was standing on “Tuwa” meaning “twice blessed valley”
- “Verily, I am thy Sustainer! Take off, then, thy sandals! Behold, thou art in the twice hallowed valley. (Quran 20:12)
Why this valley is mentioned as blessed? It can be the place. Or, in another chapter, there is another indication that the area/city near mount Sinai has relation with creation of human (Of course, only God knows the truth)
- CONSIDER the fig and the olive, and Mount Sinai, and this land secure! Verily, We create man in the best conformation; and thereafter We reduce him to the lowest of low. (Quran 95:1–5)
WHEN WAS ADAM CREATED:
Science says, earth was created by Big Bang. Then it took some time for the earth to be cooled down. At first there was NOTHING. Later life was evolved. So there was a waiting period between big bang and when life evolved. Quran says the same:
- Big Bang: “.,the heavens and the earthwere [once] one single entity, which We then parted asunder..” (Quran 21:30)
- Waiting period: “HAS THERE [not] been an endless span of time before man [appeare- a time] when he was not yet a thing to be thought of?” (Quran 76:1).
- Out of Nothing: “..But does man not bear in mind that We have created him aforetime out of nothing?..” (Quran 19:67)
WAS ADAM CREATED BY ALLAH’S HAND?
It was commonly thought that Allah molded Adam on his own hand and he created no other living thing by his own hand. But, in Quran it is said that, animal was also created by his hand (Quran 36:71). However, In Quran, hand is just an analogy. When Allah Said, he created Adam by his hand (Quran 78:75), it means from his special interference. He created the whole world by big bang. Then everything was being processed automatically. Later, Allah decided to create Adam and gave special input from his authority (hand), to begin this process. Surely, the input of “cosmic dust/meteorites with building blocks” happened by Allah’s authority. In another answer, I have summarized all the verses that has the word “Hand” and every time it is just symbolic. It means “authority”, ”Interference”, “Fashioning” etc. Please read the link to understand [7].
ADAM WAS CREATED BY ALLAH’S COMMAND (“BE”, AND IT WAS):
In Quran, it is said that, Adam was created by Allah’s oral command. Allah said “be” and it “became”.
- “The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust,THEN said to him: "Be". And he was.”(Quran 3:59)\*
***This verse is very important. Notice that the oral command comes after “dust”. As I explained before, the cosmic dust carries building block then Allah’s command initiated the process of making the first RNA. That is how Allah put his hand in the creation process.
Apparently, it seems that, he became instantaneously. But note that, definition of time is not same for us and him. Our 1 year is equivalent to his 50,000 years (after Qiyamah it will be 1000 years).
- “all the angels and all the inspiration [ever granted to man] ascend unto Him [daily,] in a day the length whereof is [like] fifty thousand years… “ (Quran 70:4)
- “..And, behold, in thy Sustainer’s sight a day is like a thousand years of your reckoning…” (Quran 22:47) [(Quran 32:5)]
ADAM WAS CREATED IN STAGES:
It is popularly believed that Adam was created as a whole. But Quran says: He was created in stages.
- “..seeing that He has created [every one of] you in successive stages?” (Quran 71:14)
- “And God has caused you to grow out of the earth in [gradual] growth;” (Quran 71:17)
IN EACH STAGE, HUMAN WAS PERFECTED LITTLE BETTER (NATURAL SELECTION):
Human was made progressively through evolution. In each stage little more perfection was attained. Science says, at first single cell was created. Then it attains some mutation that makes it multicellular. Then it evolves through multiple species and finally becomes human. Note that, this is a theory with no absolute proof. But Quran also mentions DIFFERENT FORMS. But we do not know, what was exactly those intermediate forms. Quran doesn’t give us any names.
- “He created the heavens and the earth with truth, and He formed you and made good your forms…” (Quran 64:3, Literal Translation)
- “He formed you and perfected your forms..” (Quran 40:64, Literal Translation)
- “Who created you, then fashioned you then balanced you?” (Quran 82:7)
- “We, created them and We strengthened their forms, and when We will, We can change their likeness[es] (with) a change.” (Quran 76:28, Literal Translation).
DIVERSIFICATION:
There is indication of diversification of creation but not surely everything from common origin. But at least it mentions, continuous evolution. We are continuously being changed to adopt the environment and in the last days before the end of the world, we will not have exactly same genome we have today. We may have a different height then. As some sources say, Adam was much taller (not in Quran).
- Common Origin for Animal: “And it is God who has created all animals out of water; and [He has willed that] among them are such as crawl on their bellies, and such as walk on two legs, and such as walk on four. (Quran 24:45, Literal Translation).
- Common origin for Human: “He creates you out of dust – and then, lo! you become human beings ranging far and wide!(Quran 30:20). “O MANKIND! Be conscious of your Sustainer, who has created you out of one living entity..”(Quran 4:1)
- Common Origin for Plants: "Our Sustainer is He who gives unto every thing [that exists] its true nature and form. and thereupon guides it [towards its fulfilment]…" and [who] sends down waters from the sky: and by this means We bring forth various kinds of plants.(Quran 20:50–53)…[how it is] that We pour down water, pouring it down abundantly;and then We cleave the earth [with new growth], cleaving it asunder,and thereupon We cause grain to grow out of it,and vines and edible plants,and olive trees and date-palms,and gardens dense with foliage,and fruits and herbage,for you and for your animals to enjoy. (Quran 80:25–32).
- Continuous Evolution: “Say, "Travel in the earth and see how He originated the creation, Then Allah will produce the creation the last.” (Quran 29:20)*
As I said before, “Hand” is symbolic in Quran, Allah also used this term for Animals. Seems when diversification of animal occurred, some kind of interferences again came from Allah.
- “Are they, then, not aware that it is for them that We have created, among all the things which Our hands have wrought, the domestic animals of which they are [now] masters?” (Quran 36:71)
So, I believe there were different common origins for animal and human. In both cases Allah interfered/guided with his hand. Human is the chosen race by lord almighty with better design. That is why nothing from animal lineage could become as intelligent as human. And human has remained the “Khalifa” on earth.
SEPARATION OF SEX:
Quran says that, Adam and his mate was created from single source. They both have similar nature. Male and Female genome is almost similar, differing in only 1 chromosome.
- “O MANKIND! Be conscious of your Sustainer, who has created you out of one living entity, and out of it created its mate” (Quran 4:1) [7:189, 30:21, 39:6].
- And God has given you mates of your own kinds and has given you, through your mates, children and children's children,…” (Quran 16:72)\*
GAINING OF INTELLIGENCE:
Science also agrees that, earliest form of life, didn’t have intelligence. It came much later. In Quran for human being, 2 words have been used. “Bashar” and “Insan”. Bashar is anything in flesh covered by skin. Where the Quran refers to human beings as 'Bashar', it talks about physical aspects of human beings (such as 3:47, 12:31). Where the Quran uses “Insan” it indicates the personality, qualities and non-physical features of human being (such as 10:12, 103:2, 4:28 and all other human behavior, you can find more in the link [8], [9]). So, the physiological state (“bashar”) was converted into enlightened state of consciousness, when Allah provided by something of His 'Ruh' (15:29, 32:9). This makes us 'insaan' or intelligent being.
- " and then He forms him in accordance with what he is meant to be, and breathes into him of His spirit: and [thus, O men,] He endows you with hearing, and sight, and feelings as well as minds: [yet] how seldom are you grateful! (Quran 32:9).
For our intelligence, we are ruling the world, over-powering all other species (we are the “Khalifa” on earth).
- “when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority (Khalifa).” " They said, "Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we declare Your praise and sanctify You?" Allah said, "Indeed, I know that which you do not know." (Quran 2:30)
INSAN VS BASHAR:
There is another theory (NOT MY THEORY),Many “Bashar” was evolved on earth. God selected 2 of them, “Adam” and his “female companion” breathed his “Ruh” into those 2, to make them “Insan” (intelligent being). The other bashar’s are the pre-Homo Sapiens, about whom we read in science book.
In 38:72 and 15: 28, when God announced creation (“Khalaqa”) of human from clay, angels says nothing. Then in 2:30 above, God announced the establishment (“ja'ala) of “Khalifa” on earth. Here, God didn’t used the verb for new creation (“khalaqa"), but he used a verb (”ja’ala) that means “making something in being from pre-existing thing”. It indicates the, creation of Bashar in 38:72,15:28, then announcement of it's conversion to Insane (who will be Khalifa/authority on earth) in 2:30 and finally he gets knowledge from God in 2:31. NOTE: When God announced creation of Bashar in 38:72, 15:28, the angels says nothing. But when he announced the establishment of Khalifa (read: conversion to insaan), the angels objects. They expressed their fear or blood shed. How do they know future???? Probably, the Bashars on earth were already shedding blood, so the angels got scared by God's decision that he is going to establish Khalifa from Bashars. Note that, jinns were created before human. But their inhabitance on earth and shedding blood, any such story is not described in Quran. (Any way, after all, all these are theories).
PROPAGATION OF MANKIND FROM ADAM :
From the Adam and his female companion, further the whole mankind was propagated through the sperm (sometimes prior “dust” stage is also mentioned before mentioning sperm).
- “He creates man out of a [mere] drop of sperm.” (Quran 16:4). [Similar in 32:8, 36:77, 86:6].
- ”O MANKIND! Be conscious of your Sustainer, who has created you out of one living entity, and out of it created its mate, and out of the two spread abroad a multitude of men and women.” (Quran 4:1)
In this stage, Allah described the “embryology” that how human is created inside womb, in various verses. I am skipping the description since, not related to the subject.
- “And [remember:] God creates [every one of] you out of dust, then out of a drop of sperm; and then He fashions you into either of the two sexes.” (Quran 35:11) [18:37].
- Who has created thee out of dust, and then out of a drop of sperm, and in the end has fashioned thee into a [complete] man? (18: 37).
- “We created you from dust, then from a semen-drop then from a clinging substance then from an embryonic lump, formed and unformed, that We may make clear to you. And We cause to remain in the wombs what We will for a term appointed, then We bring you out (as) a child.“ (Quran 22:5, Literal Translation) [40:67]
DUST= BUILDING BLOCK OF DNA:
Remember that, earlier building block of DNA (DNA and RNA has same building block) was carried out by cosmic DUST and meteorites. “Dust” is not mentioned any more, other than the creation of earliest creation. For, all further propagation of whole mankind “sperm” is mentioned, since we all were propagated by sperm, except Jesus. In case of Jesus, again “Dust” is mentioned (here is the exact precision of our lord in Quran). As the early, cosmic dust and meteorites carried building block of DNA for Adam, a breath of angel brings building block of DNA for Jesus.
- “Verily, in the sight of God, the nature of “Jesus” is as the nature of “Adam”, whom He created out of dust..” (Quran 3:59)
- Mary, the daughter of Imran, who guarded her chastity, whereupon We breathed of Our spirit into that [which was in her womb]..” (Quran 66:12)
HUMAN WILL BE REDUCED TO DUST & RESURRECTED:
After death, we all will be converted into dust (building block of DNA). Look at the word choice of our lord again. Here, clay, sounding clay, water, sperm is not used. Precisely “dust” is used. From this dust (DNA), we will be recreated again. Human body may be fully consumed by earth, but the DNA code is still in God’s record book.
- “Does he promise you that, after you have died and become [mere] dust and bones, you shall be brought forth [to a new life]?” (Quran 23:35) [13:5, 17:49, 17:98, 18:98, 37:16, 37:53, 50:3, 56:47]
- Yes, we are most capable of restoring even their very fingertip (fingerprint?) (Quran 75:4)
- Well do We know how the earth consumes their bodies, for with Us is A RECORD UNFAILING (Quran 50:4).
Another interesting fact. Only 2–3% of our DNA is functional. Science yet doesn’t know, why is the other 98% DNA even present? Scientists call it “Junk DNA”. Who knows, whether this junk DNA is used to keep the record of our deeds in any format.
CONCLUSION:
I feel, it is not a suitable for our magnificent Lord to take lump of mud in hand, shape it in man, and give life by magic breath. His magnificent is the best designer who created the fascinating blueprint following which, everything flourished on earth automatically by his initial command. He is the cause behind all cause.
- LIFE ON EARTH STARTED WHEN RNA WAS CREATED USING THE BUILDING BLOCK SENT THROUGH COSMIC DUST, SAME AS DESCRIBED BY LATEST “WARM POND THEORY” (FROM DUST TO CLAY TO SOUNDING CLAY)
- BY GOD’S ORAL COMMAND (“BE”) THE “MASNUN” OR MUTATIONS HAPPENED TO IMPROVE THE CODE OF GENOME.
- IT PRODUCED “BASHAR” (PHYSIOLOGICAL BEING) AS WELL AS OTHER ANIMAL IN SUCCESSIVE STAGES. IN EACH STAGE, PERFECTION WAS DONE.
- FINALLY, “BASHAR” WAS TAKEN AND “RUH” WAS BREATHED INTO HIM TO MAKE HIM INTELLIGENT BEING “INSAN” (ADAM AND HIS WIFE). THEY LIVED IN AN APPOINTED GARDEN.
- INSAN (ADAM AND HIS WIFE) WAS SENT BACK TO EARTH TO PROPAGATE MANKIND.
- SIMILITUDE OF ADAM IS JESUS ( aaccording to 3:59). ONE SIMILARITY CAN BE, BOTH WERE ASCENDED AND DESCENDED. (If the ascending and descending of Jesus pbuh is true)
- THE HUMAN, ANIMAL, PLANTS HAVE DIFFERENT COMMON ORIGIN AND LINEAGE.
- HUMAN WERE DESIGNED BETTER AND CONTINUED RULING OVER EARTH (“KHALIFA”). NOTHING FRON ANIMAL LINEAGE COULD REACH HUMAN LEVEL BY EVOLUTION.
- BOTH HUMAN AND ANIMAL ARE STILL UNDERGOING SMALL SCALE EVOLUTION, THAT IS RESPONBSIBLE FOR OUR ADAPTATIONS TO EVER CHANGING ENVIRONMENT.
- AFTER DEATH, THE BODY WILL BE DECOMPOSED TO “DUST” OR BUILDING BLOCKS AGAIN. THE DNA SEQUENCE WILL BE KEPT IN GOD'S RECORD BOOK. HUMAN WILL BE RECREATED FROM THAT BUILDING BLOCK FOR DAY OF JUDGEMENT.
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