Gender dysphoria is a medical condition/terminology in which the person feels extreme distress from being their biological gender and only feels comfortable when thinking about their biological gender.
This is different from Mukhannthun, whom the Prophet cursed. Those are individuals who choose to act like their opposite gender. Even then, it is unclear what exactly counted as one. The term does not fit the regular terminology for being transgender today. These people with gender dysphoria physically cannot live as their current gender. It is not just a simple desire for them. There is some evidence to show that it could be caused by some mistakes during birth as well, through some hormonal imbalances (research is still being done on it but there are signs). This "desire" is so great, that it leads them to depression, self-harm, and suicide. It is not something that can be repressed.
The only cure prescribed by doctors after they've been diagnosed that has proven to be effective is actually transitioning. This is not to make them biologically male or female, but rather bring their body indistinguishably close to the other gender, often help alleviate or lessen that dysphoria so that they can live their lives without spending every moment in pain. It is not possible to change your chromosomal structure or entire reproductive system. This is merely changing how the body looks, to an extent. This is usually done by taking hormones given by doctors and/or going through a surgery that makes your genitals look more like the genitals of the opposite sex, so that the person does not wish to harm themselves looking down at them. Every class is different, and there is a variety of ways people transition. Transitioning makes the person infinite times happier and often can help alleviate this condition. It is not something people can learn to live with without extreme distress and horrible thoughts.
So, in this case, would being transgender and transitioning be permissible in Islam? It is often looked at as a medical condition, one that cannot be suppressed or controlled, that may happen due to issues during pregnancy or development, whose only cure, prescribed by doctors, is to undergo hormone therapy. It is not like most desires the Quran referenced which can be controlled to an extent. This has medical backing and reasoning, and "suppressing" it often leads to self-harm, suicide, and the inability to live a fulfilling life.
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