The Quran

The Quran, Arabic: القرآن‎, romanized: al-Qurʼān, lit. 'the recitation', Arabic pronunciation: [al-quraaːn], also romanized Qur'an or Koran.

Quran has 144 chapters, 6236 verses that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad [saw] through Angel Jibril around 7th century. incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning in the month of Ramadan, when Prophet Muhammad [saw] was 40 He was in Cave of Hira in Makkah. when Angel Jibril appeared to Prophet Muhammad [saw] in form of a man. He recited Surah Al-Alaq first verse.

Read with the name of your Lord who created (everything) - Surah No. 96 verse No. 1 

and that was the first revelation of the Qur'an, it was began in 610 AD, over a period of 23 years. Meaning the first revelation of Qur'an last until the death of Prophet Muhammad [saw].

Although all surahs are revealed in Makkah and Medina only.

Surah - Chapter

Ayah/Ayat- Verse

Juz' - part, is one of thirty parts of varying lengths into which the Quran is divided.

Surah No.	Surah Name	Verse	Translation	Place of Revelation
1	Al-Fatiha	7	The Opening	Makkah
2	Al-Baqarah	286	The Cow	Madinah
3	Al-Imran	200	The Family of Imran	Madinah
4	An-Nisa	176	The Women	Madinah
5	Al-Ma'idah	120	The Table Spread	Madinah
6	Al-An'am	165	The Cattle	Makkah
7	Al-A'raf	206	The Heights	Makkah
8	Al-Anfal	75	The Spoils of War	Madinah
9	At-Tawbah	129	The Repentance	Medinah
10	al-Yūnus	109	Jonah	Makkah
11	Hud	123	Hud	Makkah
12	Yusuf	111	Joseph	Makkah
13	Ar-Ra'd	43	The Thunder	Madinah
14	Ibrahim	52	Abraham	Makkah
15	al-Ḥijr	99	The Rock Tract	Makkah
16	An-Nahl	128	The Bee	Makkah
17	Al-Isra	111	The Night Journey	Makkah
18	Al-Kahf	110	The Cave	Makkah
19	Maryam	98	Mary	Makkah
20	Ta-Ha	135	Ta-ha	Makkah
21	Al-Anbiya	112	The Prophets	Makkah
22	Al-Hajj	78	The Pilgrimage	Madinah
23	al-Muʾminūn	118	The Believers	Makkah
24	An-Nur	64	The Light	Madinah
25	Al-Furqan	77	The Criterion	Makkah
26	Ash-Shu'ara	227	The Poets	Makkah
27	An-Naml	93	The Ants	Makkah
28	Al-Qasas	88	The Stories	Makkah
29	Al-Ankabut	69	The Spider	Makkah
30	Ar-Rum	60	Rome	Makkah
31	Luqmaan	34	Luqman	Makkah
32	As-Sajda	30	The Prostration	Makkah
33	Al-Ahzaab	73	The Clans	Madinah
34	Saba	54	Sheba	Makkah
35	Faatir	45	Originator	Makkah
36	Yaseen	83	Ya-Sin	Makkah
37	As-Saaffaat	182	Those who set the Ranks	Makkah
38	Saad	88	Saad	Makkah
39	Az-Zumar	75	The Troops	Makkah
40	Ghafir	85	The Forgiver	Makkah
41	Fussilat	54	Explained in Detail	Makkah
42	Ash Shooraa	53	The Consultation	Makkah
43	Az-Zukhruf	89	The Ornaments of Gold	Makkah
44	Ad-Dukhaan	59	The Smoke	Makkah
45	Al-Jaathiyah	37	The Crouching	Makkah
46	Al-Ahqaaf	35	The Wind-Curved Sandhills	Makkah
47	Muhammad	38	Muhammad	Madinah
48	Al-Fath	29	The Victory	Madinah
49	Al-Hujuraat	18	The Rooms	Madinah
50	Qaaf	45	Qaf	Makkah
51	Adh-Dhaariyaat	60	The Winnowing Winds	Makkah
52	At-Toor	49	The Mount	Makkah
53	An-Najm	62	The Star	Makkah
54	Al-Qamar	55	The Moom	Makkah
55	Ar-Rahman	78	The Beneficent	Madinah
56	Al-Waqi'a	96	The Inevitable	Makkah
57	Al-Hadeed	29	The Iron	Madinah
58	Al-Mujadila	22	The Pleading Woman	Madinah
59	Al-Hashr	24	The Exile	Madinah
60	Al-Mumtahanah	13	She that is to be examined	Madinah
61	As-Saff	14	The Ranks	Madinah
62	Al-Jumu'ah	11	Friday	Madinah
63	Al-Munafiqoon	11	The Hypocrites	Madinah
64	At-Taghabun	18	The Mutual Disillusion	Madinah
65	At-Talaq	12	The Divorce	Madinah
66	At-Tahreem	12	The Prohibtiion	Madinah
67	Al-Mulk	30	The Sovereignty	Makkah
68	Al-Qalam	52	The Pen	Makkah
69	Al-Haaqqa	52	The Reality	Makkah
70	Al-Ma'aarij	44	The Ascending Stairways	Makkah
71	Nuh	28	Noah	Makkah
72	Al-Jinn	28	The Djinn	Makkah
73	Al-Muzzammil	20	The Enshrouded One	Makkah
74	Al-Muddaththir	56	The Cloaked One	Makkah
75	Al-Qiyamah	40	The Resurrection	Makkah
76	Al-Insaan	31	The Human	Madinah
77	Al-Mursalaat	50	The Emissaries	Makkah
78	An-Naba'	40	The Tidings	Makkah
79	An-Naazi'aat	46	Those who drag forth	Makkah
80	Abasa	42	He Frowned	Makkah
81	At-Takweer	29	The Overthrowing	Makkah
82	Al-Infitar	19	The Cleaving	Makkah
83	Al-Mutaffifeen	36	The Defrauding	Makkah
84	Al-Inshiqaaq	25	The Sundering	Makkah
85	Al-Burooj	22	The Mansions of the Stars	Makkah
86	At-Taariq	17	The Nightcommer	Makkah
87	Al-A'laa	19	The Most High	Makkah
88	Al-Ghaashiyah	26	The Overwhelming	Makkah
89	Al-Fajr	30	The Dawn	Makkah
90	Al-Balad	20	The City	Makkah
91	Ash-Shams	15	The Sun	Makkah
92	Al-Layl	21	The Night	Makkah
93	Ad-Dhuha	11	The Morning Hours	Makkah
94	Ash-Sharh	8	The Relief	Makkah
95	At-Teen	8	The Fiq	Makkah
96	Al-'Alaq	19	The Clot	Makkah
97	Al-Qadr	5	The Power	Makkah
98	Al-Bayyinahh	8	The Clear Proof	Madinah
99	Az-Zalzalah	8	The Earthquake	Madinah
100	Al-'Aadiyaat	11	The Courser	Makkah
101	Al-Qaari'ah	11	The Calamity	Makkah
102	At-Takaathur	8	The Rivalry in world increase	Makkah
103	Al-'Asr	3	The Declining Day	Makkah
104	Al-Humazah	9	The Traducer	Makkah
105	Al-Fil	5	The Elephant	Makkah
106	Quraysh	4	Quraysh	Makkah
107	Al-Maa'oon	7	The Small Kindesses	Makkah
108	Al-Kawthar	3	The Abundance	Makkah
109	Al-Kaafiroon	6	The Disbelievers	Makkah
110	An-Nasr	3	The Divine Support	Madinah
111	Al-Masad	5	The Palm Fiber	Makkah
112	Al-Ikhlaas	4	The Sincerity	Makkah
113	Al-Falaq	5	The Daybreak	Makkah
114	an-Nās	6	The Mankind	Makkah

Popular Surahs/Verses
Surah Baqarah - If its recited the Shaytan will not enter your house for 3 days.
Surah Al-Kahf - Protection from Dajjal
Surah Falaq - |
Surah An-nas - | - Protection from Black Magic, Shayateens Surah Ikhlas - |
Ayatul Kursi [S.2 v.255] - |

Also known for 3 quls and ayatul kursi.

Surah Falaq

AuzuBillahi Minish-Shaytan-nurajeem Bismillah-Arahmaanir-Raheem

1. Qul a'uzoo bi rabbil-falaq

2. Min sharri ma khalaq

3. wa min sharri ghasiqin iza waqab

4. Wa min sharrin-naffaa-saati fil 'uqad

5. wa min shar ri haasidin iza hasad

Translation:

1. Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the Dawn

2. From the mischief of created things;

3. From the mischief of Darkness as it overspreads;

4. From the mischief of those who practise secret arts;

5. And from the mischief of the envious one as he practises envy.

Surah An-nas

1. Qul a'uzu birabbin naas

2. Malikin naas

3. ilaahin naas

4. Min sharril was waasil khannaas

5. Al lazee yuswas wisi fee sudoorin naas

6. Minal jinnati wan naas

Translation:

1. Say: I seek refuge with the Lord and Cherisher of Mankind,
   
2. The King (or Ruler) of Mankind,
   
3. The Allah (for judge) of Mankind,-
   
4. From the mischief of the Whisperer (of Evil), who withdraws (after his whisper),-
   
5. (The same) who whispers into the hearts of Mankind,-
   
6. Among Jinns and among men
   

Ayatul Kursi

Now Ayatul Kursi is little difficult to memorize cause its not-so-long verse.

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem

Allahu laaa ilaaha illaa Huwal Haiyul Qaiyoom
laa taakhudhuhoo sinatuw wa laa nawm
lahoo maa fis-samaawaati wa maa fil ard
man thal-lathee yashfa'u indahu illaa bi-ithnih
ya'lamu maa baina aydeehim wa ma khalfahum
wa laa yuheetoona bishai'im min 'ilmihee illaa bimaa shaa'
wasi'a Kursiyyuhus samaawaati wal arda
wa laa ya'ooduho hifdhuhumaa
wa Huwal Aliyyul 'Adheem

Translation:

Allah - there is no deity except Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is [presently] before them and what will be after them, and they encompass not a thing of His knowledge except for what He wills. His Kursī extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High, the Most Great.

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Assalam Alaikum, if there is any mistake be sure to comment down! :D

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