Ring Structure of Surah al-Kaafiroon

Surah al-Kaafiroon (The Disbelievers) was a surah that the Messenger Muhammad ﷺ would recite quite often. Many of us know it as one of the two suar to be recited in the sunnah of Fajr prayer.

What’s beautiful about this surah is that it appears to be in a ring structure, with a couple of smaller rings making up the internals.

Part 1 - Overall Structure

https://preview.redd.it/vlxy1x0mhk851.png?width=2028&format=png&auto=webp&s=1728fd27f4e01297df4a658bb054e445fd0c9cc0

The surah begins with an address to “disbelievers” (A), and it ends with the conclusion of that address; “you have your religion, and I have mine” (A’).

The center has two declarations, each of which begin with the Messenger ﷺ saying something about himself, followed by him saying something about the disbelievers.

Part 2 - Mini-Rings

The central section (B) can be further broken up into its own mini-ring structure.

https://preview.redd.it/7lz18vxnhk851.png?width=1555&format=png&auto=webp&s=76197c598fbdf8772f7087ed7021fad3585b8f3a

In both of these mini-rings, the position of the Messenger ﷺ (“I…”) sandwiches the position of the disbelievers (“you all…”).

Part 3 - For the Grammar Nerds

It also appears that the surah is set up in a parallel structure when you consider the alternation between the negating and affirming segments of the ayaat:

https://preview.redd.it/6nqgummphk851.png?width=1042&format=png&auto=webp&s=376dc0eceba6f757c73adde434fc2f9e4e714513

Each statement begins with a negation (لا, laa) and concludes with an affirmation. And this repeats across the four declarations in the center rings.

واللّهُ أَعلَمُ - And Allah knows best

Sources

Personal reflections and research

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