Shaykh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah: Asking Intermediaries to Ask Allah on One's Behalf is Shirk

In Majmu3 al-Fatawa Volume 1:

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وإن أثبتم وسائط بين الله وبين خلقه كالحجاب الذين بين الملك ورعيته بحيث يكونون هم يرفعون إلى الله حوائج خلقه، فالله إنما يهدى عباده ويرزقهم بتوسطهم، فالخلق يسألونهم، وهم يسألون الله، كما أن الوسائط عند الملوك يسألون الملوك الحوائج للناس، لقربهم منهم، والناس يسألونهم، أدبا منهم أن يباشروا سؤال الملك، أو لأن طلبهم من الوسائط أنفع لهم من طلبهم من الملك؛ لكونهم أقرب إلى الملك من الطالب للحوائج. فمن أثبتهم وسائط على هذا الوجه، فهو كافر مشرك، يجب أن يستتاب، فإن تاب وإلا قتل

Translation:

And if you affirm intermediaries between Allah and His creation - like the veil which is between the king and his subjects - in that they (the intermediaries) raise to Allah the needs of His creation, such that Allah guides His servants, grants them sustenance through their intermediation, hence, the creation ask them and they in turn ask Allah, just as the intermediaries (function) with the kings, they ask the kings for the needs of the people due to their closeness to them (the kings) and the people ask them (the intermediaries), out of respect for them so that they ask the king directly, or because their requesting from the intermediaries is more beneficial for them than asking from the king (directly) due to them being closer to the king than the one making the request for needs, so whoever affirmed intermediaries upon this angle, then he is a kaafir, mushrik, his repentance should be sought, so either he repents or the capital punishment is applied on him.

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In Volume 27:

وأما من يأتي إلى قبر نبي أو صالح ، أو من يعتقد فيه أنه قبر نبي أو رجل صالح وليس كذلك، ويسأله حاجته مثل أن يسأله أن يزيل مرضه، أو مرض دوابه ، أو يقضي دينه، أو ينتقم له من عدوه، أو يعافي نفسه وأهله ودوابه، ونحو ذلك مما لا يقدر عليه إلا الله عز وجل ، فهذا شرك صريح ، يجب أن يستتاب صاحبه فإن تاب وإلا قتل . وإن قال أنا أسأله لكونه أقرب إلى الله مني ليشفع لي في هذه الأمور، لأني أتوسل إلى الله به كما يتوسل إلى السلطان بخواصه وأعوانه ، فهذا من أفعال المشركين والنصارى ، فإنهم يزعمون أنهم يتخذون أحبارهم ورهبانهم شفعاء ، يستشفعون بهم في مطالبهم ، وكذلك أخبر الله عن المشركين أنهم قالوا : (مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلاَّ لِيُقَرِّبُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَى)

Translation:

As for the one who comes to a grave of a prophet, or a righteous person or to what he believes to be a grave of a prophet or righteous person when it is not like that, and asks his need from him such as asking him to end his illness or his beast's illness, or fulfil his debt, or take vengeance from his enemy, or to heal him, his family or his beast and what is like this, from those matters that none but Allah, the Mighty and Majestic has power over, then this is clear shirk, it is obligatory for (the one falling into it), that his repentance to be sought (so either he repents) otherwise the capital punishment is applied on him.

And if he says, "I ask him because he is closer to Allah than me so that he intercedes for me in these matters, because I seek a means to Allah through him, just as a means to the ruler is sought through his special counsel and helpers" then this is from the actions of the pagans and the Christians, for they claim that they take their priests and rabbis as intercessors, who intercede for them in their requests, and thus did Allah inform about the pagans that they said, "We do not worship them except that they bring us closer to Allah" (39:3). And He, the Sublime, said, "Have they taken others as intercessors besides Allah? Say: "Even if they have power over nothing whatever and have no intelligence?" Say: "To Allah belongs all intercession. His is the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth, then to Him you shall be brought back." (39:43-44)...

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